Answer 25

25.  Choice A is the correct answer.   Virchow's triad is considered alterations in blood flow, vascular endothelial injury, and alterations in the constituents of blood (inherited or acquired hypercoagulable states)

Question 25

25.  Which of the following is not considered part of Virchow's triad?

A.  Smoking
B.  Alterations in blood flow
C.  Vascular Endothelial Injury
D.  Alterations in the constituents of blood

Answer 24

24.  Choice C is the correct answer.  Right heart cath is considered the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension.  Left heart cath is not as helpful because the pulmonary artery is in the right side of the heart.  ECHO can be helpful for taking right heart measurements and can increase the suspicion for pulmonary hypertension.  EKG also can show right ventricular hypertrophy but cannot definitively diagnose pulmonary hypertension.

Question 24

24.  Your patient is a 39 year old male diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension.  Which of the following is considered the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension?

A.  ECHO

B.  EKG

C.  Right heart cath

D.  Left heart cath

Answer 23

23.  Choice D is the correct answer.  Dullness is expected when there is decreased aeration to that side such as pleural effusion or a consolidation with pneumonia.  Hyperresonance to percussion is expected when there is increased aeration such in the case of pneumothorax.  A to E egophany is heard when there is a consolidation.  Tactile fremitus is increased over increased fluid or consolidation.  

Question 23

23.  Your patient is a 34 year old female diagnosed with a right side pleural effusion.  Which of the following would be expected physical findings?

A.  A to E egophany 

B.  Hyperresonance to percussion on the right side

C.  Increased tactile fremitus on the right side

D.  Dullness to percussion on the right side

Answer 22

22.  Choice C is the correct answer.  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is demonstrated on PFT's by a restrictive pattern such as a decreased FVC and a reduced DLCO.  There is scarring of the alveolar capillary membrane and decreased absorption of gases.  Sarcoidosis is a restrictive lung disease but usually does not have a decreased DLCO.  Cystic fibrosis shows obstructive findings such as a decreased FVC/FEV1 ratio.  The DLCO is usually normal with CF.